Comprehensive Review of the Therapeutic Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

The progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and functional ability is the hallmark of skeletal muscular atrophy, a crippling medical condition. Prolonged glucocorticoid therapy, physical inactivity, cancer cachexia, ageing (sarcopenia), and chronic diseases constitute some of the physiological and pathological circumstances that cause it to develop. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein homeostasis, and activation of proteolytic pathways, such as the ubiquitin–proteasome, autophagy–lysosomal, and apoptotic systems, are some of the interrelated mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy. There is mounting evidence that bioactive substances produced from nature may provide useful treatment approaches to prevent muscle atrophy. Among these, ostivone has drawn notice for its strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well as its capacity to control anabolic signalling pathways