Physiological Changes in Young Swimmers During Ramadan: An Anthropometric Analysis

Background: Ramadan fasting presents unique challenges for young athletes, especially swimmers who undergo intense training while still in developmental stages. This study investigates the physiological impacts of fasting on the performance of young swimmers, filling a gap in sports science research.Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of Ramadan fasting on key physiological markers (BMI, blood pressure, and glucose levels) and performance metrics (handgrip strength and swimming speed) in young swimmers. Despite previous studies examining fasting effects on athletes, limited research focuses on swimmers, a group that undergoes high-intensity training with unique metabolic demands.Methods: We conducted a prospective repeated-measures cohort study in young swimmers to evaluate anthropometric/body-composition changes across Ramadan. A total of 39 young swimmers (30 males, 9 females) participated in this study, and data were collected across three time points: before, during, and post-Ramadan. While previous research on fasting and athletic performance has included sample sizes ranging from 20 to 50 athletes, the present study was constrained by participant availability, ethical considerations, and logistical challenges during Ramadan. Although formal power analysis was not conducted, prior studies examining fasting-related physiological changes in athletes have demonstrated meaningful results with similar sample sizes. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that a larger sample size could enhance the findings’ statistical power and generalizability.Results: The study found improvement in handgrip strength and in 50 m swimming speed post-Ramadan, indicating enhanced performance post-recovery. Diastolic pressure and glucose levels decreased during Ramadan but rebounded afterward, while BMI showed no significant change.Conclusion: Ramadan fasting affects physiological and performance metrics, but with proper training and nutrition, performance can be maintained or improved post-Ramadan. Future research should aim to sustain athlete participation throughout fasting periods for comprehensive insights.