Key result
Novel IWT-based ECG steganography outperforms existing methods, achieving high-fidelity signal quality at ~64 dB SNR.
A novel ECG steganography method using integer wavelet transform and LSB substitution improves data hiding capacity and signal quality for secure medical data transmission.
May enhance secure ECG data transmission in portable devices; leaves open prospective validation before clinical adoption.
In this paper, we present an efficient data hiding for electrocardiogram (ECG) hosts to solve the issues of existing ECG steganographic methods, which have less hiding capacity and insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)/ peak SNR (PSNR). Based on the integer wavelet transform (IWT), private (or sensitive) data such as patients’ diagnosis and personal information can be embedded in an ECG host via the IWT coefficient adjustment and the least significant bit (LSB) technique. Simulations indicated that the SNR (or PSNR), and payload of the proposed method outperform those of existing techniques. In addition, the proposed method is capable of resisting attacks, such as cropping, Gaussian noise-addition inversion, scaling, translation, and truncation attacks from third parties (or adversaries). Since the proposed method has low computational complexity, our method can be employed in portable biometric devices or wearable electronics.
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Yang et al. (2022) studied Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals (n=48). Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) with coefficient adjustment and LSB substitution vs. Existing ECG steganographic methods was evaluated on Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and payload size. The proposed ECG steganography method based on integer wavelet transform achieved an average payload of 9 Kb with an average SNR of 64 dB, outperforming existing techniques.
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