BK Virus-Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis in Nontransplanted Children With Hematological Malignancies: A Single-Center Case Series

Background: BK virus–associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is well recognized after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation but remains poorly described in nontransplanted children with hematological malignancies. Observations: We retrospectively identified 6 children with leukemia or lymphoma who developed BKV-HC over a 17-year period. Dysuria and macroscopic hematuria were the most common manifestations. One patient developed urinary obstruction and acute kidney injury. Median symptom duration was 16 days. Most patients received supportive care, and all but one recovered completely without sequelae. Conclusions: BKV-HC is an uncommon complication in nontransplanted children receiving chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. Clinical outcomes are generally favorable with conservative management.