Decentralized Privacy-Preserving E-Voting System Using Blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Cryptography

Electronic voting can provide convenient participation and faster election management, but a secure digital voting system must address voter authentication, duplicate voting, privacy, vote integrity, and trust in election records. This paper presents a decentralized privacy-preserving e-voting system using blockchain and zero-knowledge cryptography with facial recognition for voter verification. The proposed system combines voter registration and login, facial verification, candidate and election management, secure vote casting, duplicate-vote prevention, blockchain-oriented transaction recording, vote counting, and result generation. Facial recognition and liveness verification provide an additional identity-verification layer before a voter accesses the ballot. Blockchain is used to provide a tamper-evident record of voting transactions, while zero-knowledge cryptographic techniques are intended to support verification without unnecessarily revealing sensitive voter information. A web-based prototype demonstrates the integration of these security and privacy mechanisms into a unified voting workflow.