Proposed framework enhances election security through blockchain, anti-spoofing, and voter anonymity, ensuring verifiable results.
Ensuring the integrity, privacy and accessibility of electoral system remains a critical global challenge. This paper proposes a secure blockchain based e-voting framework enhanced with anti-spoofing facial recognition for voter authentication and zero-knowledge proofs to preserve voter anonymity while enabling verifiable results. The proposed system integrates seamlessly with existing election infrastructure, allowing transparent vote recording on a tamper-resistant distributed ledger while preventing identity fraud through advanced biometric anti-spoofing techniques. Zero Knowledge Proofs enable vote verification without revealing individual choices, ensuring both privacy and trust. By combining blockchain’s immutability, biometric security and cryptographic privacy guarantees, this approach addresses vote tampering, impersonation, and transparency concerns, offering a scalable , auditable, and privacy-preserving solution for modern elections.
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Patil et al. (2025) studied this question.
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