Archaeometric Analysis and Conservation Process of a Late Roman Iron Armour from Satala (Turkiye)

This study presents the integrated archaeometric analysis and conservation process of a near-complete Late Roman iron armour unearthed at the ancient city of Satala (Türkiye). While previous studies on Roman armour have primarily focused on typological and historical evaluations, comprehensive investigations combining non-destructive analytical techniques with conservation processes remain relatively limited. The internal structure and overall condition of the armour were initially documented through digital radiography. Conventional computed tomography (CT) did not yield meaningful results due to extensive corrosion and low-density contrast between layers. In contrast, high-resolution Micro-CT imaging enabled the identification of residual metallic cores and provided detailed information regarding plate morphology, dimensions, and internal structure. Complementary p-XRF surface analyses of the iron plates before and after mechanical cleaning revealed significant elemental differences between the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ corrosion products. The combined evaluation of micro-CT and p-XRF data supported the interpretation of structural preservation and corrosion characteristics, while also guiding the conservation and reconstruction process. Following conservation treatment, the armour was reconstructed from 304 plates in a configuration closely approximating its original form. The study demonstrates the value of integrating advanced non-destructive analytical techniques with conservation practice for the investigation and reconstruction of complex archaeological iron artefacts and proposes a transferable methodological framework for comparable multi-component metal objects.