Accuracy of robotic systems in dental implant placement with clinical subgroup analyses: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Robotic systems are increasingly integrated into dental implantology, yet their accuracy and clinical reliability remain under evaluation. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidence on the accuracy of robot-assisted dental implant placement and explored the influence of clinical variations on outcomes. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (January 2015–September 2025) identified 39 clinical studies involving 1227 patients and 2066 implants. Risk of bias was assessed using validated tools for randomized, non-randomized, and observational studies. Pooled estimates revealed mean deviations of 0.68 mm coronally (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62–0.74), 0.72 mm apically (95% CI: 0.66–0.79), and 1.60° angularly (95% CI: 1.40–1.81). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that autonomy level significantly influenced accuracy, with task-autonomous and semi-autonomous systems outperforming haptic-guided approaches. Conversely, edentulous span, implant location, and study design did not significantly affect outcomes. Robotic systems consistently achieved superior accuracy over previously reported computer-assisted implant surgery (CAIS) methods, with deviations well within clinically accepted limits. Higher autonomy levels were associated with increased accuracy across diverse clinical scenarios. These findings highlight the potential role of robotic CAIS for managing complex cases and full-arch rehabilitations, providing enhanced predictability and safety. High-quality randomized control trials are required to further validate long-term outcomes.