Study of Translucent Phytochemical Profile, Advanced Analytical Characterization, Multivalent Pharmacotherapeutics Activities, and Future Route of Development of Curcumin—a Comprehensive Review

Turmeric has attracted considerable attention from both the scientific and culinary communities because of its long history of traditional use and therapeutic applications. Curcumin, the major bioactive compound present in turmeric, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-arthritic, anti-anxiety, and metabolic health-related properties. Curcumin may also help reduce exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation and may support physical performance and recovery. Furthermore, curcumin supplementation has been investigated for reducing exercise-related oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy individuals. These effects are mainly attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the use of curcumin is limited by its poor absorption, low water solubility, and rapid metabolism, resulting in low systemic bioavailability. Several approaches have therefore been investigated to improve curcumin bioavailability. Piperine, a major bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum), has been shown to significantly enhance the bioavailability of curcumin when administered together.