Heart Rate Variability Changes During and after the Practice of Bhramari Pranayama

Bhramari Pranayama, a yogic breathing technique involving a humming sound, has been traditionally associated with stress reduction and mental calmness. This paper investigates the physiological effects of Bhramari on cardiac autonomic regulation, specifically examining changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during and after its practice. An overview of HRV, its physiological significance, and mechanisms through which Bhramari may influence it is provided. Evidence from existing studies is examined, highlighting trends in HRV metrics such as time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear analyses. The role of the vagus nerve, resonance frequency, and sympathetic nervous system modulation in explaining these changes is discussed. The paper concludes by highlighting the potential of Bhramari as a non-pharmacological intervention for improving autonomic balance and promoting well-being. Future research directions are also suggested