Key result
Guideline changes are linked to increased lifestyle advice for mild hypertension, but not prescription rates.
Why the study?
Evidence to support initiation of pharmacological treatment in patients with uncomplicated mild hypertension is inconclusive, and clinical guidelines and healthcare policy have been contradictory and changed regularly.
Cohort (n=108,843)
Yes
Supports lifestyle-first approaches for mild hypertension; hypothesis-generating for policy effects and requires prospective confirmation.
OBJECTIVES: Evidence to support initiation of pharmacological treatment in patients with uncomplicated (low risk) mild hypertension is inconclusive. As such, clinical guidelines are contradictory and healthcare policy has changed regularly. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of lifestyle advice and drug therapy in this population and whether secular trends were associated with policy changes. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Primary care practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in England. PARTICIPANTS: Data were extracted from the linked electronic health records of patients aged 18-74 years, with stage 1 hypertension (blood pressure between 140/90 and 159/99 mm Hg), no cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and no treatment, from 1998 to 2015. Patients exited if follow-up records became unavailable, they progressed to stage 2 hypertension, developed a CVD risk factor or received lifestyle advice/treatment. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The association between policy changes and incidence of lifestyle advice or treatment, examined using an interrupted time-series analysis. RESULTS: A total of 108 843 patients were defined as having uncomplicated mild hypertension (mean age 51.9±12.9 years, 60.0% female). Patientsspent a median 2.6 years (IQR 0.9-5.5) in the study, after which 12.2% (95% CI 12.0% to 12.4%) were given lifestyle advice, 29.9% (95% CI 29.7% to 30.2%) were prescribed medication and 19.4% (95% CI 19.2% to 19.6%) were given both. The introduction of the quality outcomes framework (QOF) and subsequent changes to QOF indicators were followed by significant increases in the incidence of lifestyle advice. Treatment prescriptions decreased slightly over time, but were not associated with policy changes. CONCLUSIONS: Despite secular trends that accord with UK guidance, many patients are still prescribed treatment for mild hypertension. Adequately powered studies are needed to determine if this is appropriate.
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Sheppard et al. (2018) conducted a cohort in Uncomplicated mild hypertension (n=108,843). Guideline and policy changes (NHS health check and QOF indicators) vs. Pre-policy period was evaluated on Incidence of lifestyle advice or pharmacological treatment. Guideline and policy changes were associated with significant increases in the incidence of lifestyle advice for uncomplicated mild hypertension, while treatment prescriptions decreased slightly over time but were not associated with policy changes.
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