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Efficient polyphenolic delivery system involves interfacial strategies that rationally control molecular and colloidal behaviour for engineered controlled release, bioavailability and protection. This review examines how soft-matter principles, particularly interfacial thermodynamics, molecular interactions, and surface-tension regulation, govern the stability of polyphenol-biopolymer systems. We discuss how modulating noncovalent interactions lowers system Gibbs free energy and suppresses phase separation, while targeted adjustments in interfacial forces enhance dispersion, adhesion, and resistance to environmental stresses. These concepts are contextualized across emerging colloidal architectures, including high-internal-phase emulsions, Pickering emulsions, and nanostructured lipid carriers, highlighting connections between microstructure, rheological behavior, and gastrointestinal fate. The review further evaluates how 4D printing and artificial intelligence support predictive design of stimuli-responsive matrices with tailored release profiles. Collectively, these insights establish a mechanistic foundation for constructing polyphenol-loaded delivery systems that exhibit improved stability, controlled release, and enhanced functional performance in food applications
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Krishnan et al. (2026) studied this question.