Diagnostic Approach to Neuropathy

OBJECTIVE: This article provides an updated overview of polyneuropathy, emphasizing the significance of accurate diagnosis and the evolving understanding of its underlying causes and pathophysiology. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: Recent research has revealed that many cases previously classified as idiopathic polyneuropathy are hereditary or acquired in origin. Advances in our understanding of complex pathophysiologic mechanisms have opened new therapeutic avenues, underscoring the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach. ESSENTIAL POINTS: Nearly one-half of polyneuropathy cases remain idiopathic. Diabetes is the most common risk factor for peripheral neuropathy, present in one-third of patients. Improved diagnostic precision and insights into hereditary and acquired causes are crucial for effective management and treatment strategies. Care for these patients should integrate advanced techniques in the diagnosis of neuropathies.