Toxocara vitellorum in buffaloes calve symptoms, diagnosis and therapeutic options; case study

Bovid calves in tropical and subtropical areas have large roundworms such as Toxocara vitulorum in their small intestines, Toxocara vitulorum infection, likely acquired via dam colostrum and/or milk, which significantly affect the global economy due to elevated levels of illness, death, and treatment costs. The parasite's abundant reproduction and the egg's durability in extreme conditions increase the risk of infection. A one-month-and-five-day-old buffalo calf presented with severe colic, lethargy, abdominal swelling, deprived appetite (licking the ground sand) and inability to defecate for care and treatment, Physical examination revealed a normal temperature and right-side ping. While laboratory analysis for fecal sample by fecal flotation technique identified Toxocara vitollorum eggs, and egg count technique by Macmaster technique revealed 10,000 eggs per gram.Also blood analysis for hematological revealed, significant eosinophilia, anemia, mild leukocytosis, and elevated ESR. Anthelmintic treatment, purgatives and vitamin B injection improved the case by the second day. The purpose of the paper was to provide a case reporte of the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis of toxocariosis in buffalo calves