A climate-specific full dynamic load-based testing framework for room air conditioners under Chinese residential operating conditions

Load-based testing has been increasingly adopted to characterize the dynamic performance of room air conditioners. Although numerous international studies have proposed load-based testing methods and standards, the key parameters for Chinese residential operation remain insufficiently defined, especially for climate-specific loads, thermal/moisture capacitance, operating hours, and startup dynamics. This study develops a comprehensive framework for a full dynamic performance model and key parameters under Chinese climate conditions. Four models which act as fundamental aspects are analyzed and integrated: (1) building load model, (2) dynamic temperature updating model, (3) bin-hour distribution, and (4) a full dynamic performance model, together with a defined testing procedure. A combination of energy simulation software, big data analysis, and on-site experiments were used to calibrate and validate the models. Results show the derivation of building load factors, including the zero-load point, the load point, a sizing factor, and the heating/cooling ratio. The thermal and moisture capacitance under Chinese conditions were determined as 125 J/(W·K) and 20 g/W. The total cooling and heating hours were determined to be 1423 h and 544 h, respectively, reflecting the typical seasonal demand patterns in Chinese climates. Experimental validation was conducted on two 3.5 kW room air conditioners in a psychrometric testing facility. The proposed method was compared with conventional psychrometric testing and established international standards, offering guidance for standardization and certification efforts in the region.