Experiences of people with aphasia during emergencies: findings from a cross-sectional survey in Australia

Background Effective communication is essential in emergencies, where individuals must understand risks, make decisions, and convey urgent needs. People with communication disabilities, such as aphasia, may face barriers during these situations that increase their vulnerability. There is limited research examining how communication disability influences emergency risk, response, and recovery.Aims This study explored the experiences of people with aphasia during emergency situations in Australia. We aimed to understand the communication barriers faced by people with aphasia, the strategies they used, the emotional and practical impacts of these experiences, and their preparedness for future emergencies.Method & Procedures A communication-accessible, cross-sectional online survey was designed and distributed to adults in Australia with self-reported aphasia who had experienced either a disaster, medical or other emergency since acquiring the condition. The survey included both closed and open-ended questions with simplified text, visual supports, and optional assistance. It was pilot tested by people with lived experience of aphasia. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis.Outcomes & Results This is the first study to explore the lived experiences of people with aphasia in real-world emergency situations. Twelve people (mean age = 60 years; 7 male) with varying self-reported aphasia profiles completed the survey. Most reported experiencing a medical emergency, while others described disaster events or other crises. Respondents commonly reported difficulty seeking help (58%) and explaining the situation to others (90%) during the emergency. Despite using communication aids or strategies in everyday life, most did not use them during the emergency. Participants described feeling anxious, unsafe, and dependent on family members to navigate the emergency. Several took steps to prepare for future emergencies, such as creating communication cards or storing medical information on their phones. Respondents also expressed a perceived need for emergency personnel to receive communication training tailored to supporting communication with people with aphasia before, during, and after emergencies. Communication accessibility plays a critical role in emergency preparedness and response. This study highlights modifiable risks related to communication access, and the critical role of speech pathologists in strengthening preparedness and response. Co-designed tools, training, and inclusive planning processes are required to address communication access and the emotional wellbeing of people with aphasia and their families before, during and after emergencies.