Optimizing Rainwater Harvesting Site and Structure Suitability Using Geospatial, Multi-Influencing Factor, and Analytic Hierarchy Process Approaches

as very high suitable for RWH structures. The resulting maps were validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic and Area Under the Curve (ROC-AUC) tests (MIF score = 0.724 and AHP score = 0.692) to check the accuracy and robustness of the models. This research, presenting results with promising accuracy, will provide new technical insights on the topic for further improvement, suitability and applicability of the models under different hydro-meteorological and physiographic conditions. Overall, both models successfully identified suitable rainwater harvesting sites; however, the MIF model outperformed the AHP model in terms of predictive accuracy and spatial reliability. The proposed GIS-based framework can support sustainable rainwater harvesting planning and water resource management in mountainous watersheds.