Civic-led Regenerative Tourism in Post-socialist Rural Romania: Insights from the Via Transilvanica Trail

This study examines the emergence of civic-led regenerative tourism as a framework for rural planning in post-socialist contexts. Using the Via Transilvanica trail in Romania as a case study, and drawing on the theoretical perspectives of circular economy, regenerative tourism, and community-based tourism, it analyses how community-driven governance, circular practices, and participatory place-making advance regenerative approaches to development. Drawing on document analysis, online narratives, and an exploratory qualitative survey, the research interprets how civic initiatives operationalize circularity, cultural continuity, and emotional attachment to place. Findings reveal Via Transilvanica as a civic platform where material reuse, collective volunteering, and storytelling co-produce ecological and social renewal. The paper advances tourism planning theory by introducing the concept of civic-led regenerative tourism – a hybrid model integrating circular economy principles, regenerative ethics, and civic agency – and demonstrates how civic participation can foster regenerative transitions and rural resilience in marginalized landscapes.