Grain storage wisdom in traditional Miao settlements: a unique spatial system of water-based granaries

For a long time, food storage has been a critical focus in the planning and construction of agrarian settlements. Particular attention is given to fire prevention, moisture control, and pest resistance to ensure the longevity of stored grain. Additionally, granaries are typically designed as ancillary structures connected to the main buildings, enabling convenient daily access and efficient management. However, due to the influence of the unique geographical environment, this layout may exhibit variations. This article focuses on the distinctive water-based granaries of the Miao ethnic group in Guizhou Province, China, as a case study. By analyzing their spatial construction features at macro, meso, and micro scales, it highlights the intricate relationship between these structures and their environment, thereby illuminating the wisdom embedded in traditional Chinese agrarian civilization. The research findings demonstrate the following: (1) The centralized layout of granaries enables optimal utilization of water bodies within the settlement to effectively mitigate pest infestations. (2) The dendritic spatial structure of the granaries forms an efficient water-based transportation network. (3) The water bodies beneath the granaries do not elevate air humidity, reflecting a unique climate regulation mechanism specific to this region.