Gender differences in environmental responsibility: insights from university students in Scotland

Purpose This study aims to investigate gender and age-related differences in environmental behaviours and responsibility among university undergraduate students in Scotland. Set against the backdrop of Scotland’s policy commitment to net-zero emissions and the integration of sustainability in higher education, the research addresses the persistent gap between environmental awareness and actual behaviour. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey was administered to 319 students across several Scottish universities, assessing recycling practices, transport choices, plastic usage and personal responsibility for environmental impact. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to identify behavioural trends and variations across demographic groups. Findings Results indicate a generally high sense of personal environmental responsibility, particularly among female and older students. However, behaviour did not always align with attitudes, with moderate scores reported for sustainable transport choices and frequent use of plastic bottles. Women scored higher in nearly all pro-environmental behaviours that aligns with ecofeminist theory, while middle-aged participants exhibited greater consistency between awareness and action. The findings suggest that although environmental knowledge is widespread, translating it into practice remains inconsistent. Originality/value Universities are encouraged to implement targeted interventions that support behavioural change, including reflective education, improved infrastructure and gender-responsive strategies.