Cyclic torsional simple shear (CTSS) tests and cyclic triaxial (CTX) tests were carried out to investigate the dynamic deformation characteristics of sands and rockfill materials. It was found that the shear modulus and damping ratio can be expressed as a function of shear strain, void ratio, and confining stress. Also the shear modulus in CTSS tests is larger than in CTX tests because of the influence of the intermediate principal stress. When the shear strain is increased, the shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (h) of the rockfill materials were altered at smaller strains than in sands.
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Yasuda et al. (1993) studied this question.
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