Physiological Basis and Health Benefits of Yoga

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Background: Yoga is an ancient mind–body discipline increasingly supported by modern physiological research. Evidence suggests signi icant effects on autonomic balance, cardiovascular regulation, respiratory ef iciency, and neuroendocrine stress pathways. Methods: A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted focusing on clinical and experimental studies evaluating physiological parameters in luenced by yoga practices, including asanas, pranayama, and meditation. Results: Yoga practice is associated with enhanced parasympathetic activity, improved heart rate variability, reduced blood pressure, improved pulmonary function, and decreased stress biomarkers including cortisol. Neurotransmitter modulation such as increased GABA activity has also been reported. Conclusion: Yoga exerts measurable systemic physiological effects primarily through autonomic modulation and neuroendocrine regulation. It represents a safe and cost-effective adjunct in preventive and lifestyle medicine.