Key result
Patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 2 exhibited higher NT-proBNP and renal biomarkers, alongside impaired renal perfusion and increased vascular resistance on intrarenal Doppler.
Why the study?
An integrated clinical, laboratory, Doppler, and genetic assessment of renal dysfunction in cardiorenal syndrome type 2 patients was needed to improve characterization of renal injury.
Observational (n=188)
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
An integrated assessment of laboratory, hemodynamic, and genetic markers can identify impaired renal perfusion and increased vascular resistance in patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 2.
The study aimed to characterize renal injury in patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 2 by integrating laboratory biomarkers, intrarenal Doppler parameters and selected genetic markers into a single clinically oriented assessment. The study included 95 patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure. The first group included 47 patients with ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure without chronic kidney disease, whereas the second group included 48 patients with ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease. In addition, data from 93 apparently healthy individuals were used as a control group for comparative laboratory and genetic evaluation. The diagnostic protocol included clinical examination, routine biochemical tests, lipid profile, coagulation parameters, NT-proBNP, microalbuminuria, creatinine, urea, cystatin C, estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal ultrasound and intrarenal Doppler assessment. Doppler analysis measured systolic and diastolic flow velocities, the resistive index, the pulsatility index and the systolic-diastolic ratio. The genetic block included SLCO1B1 Val174Ala, AGTR1 A1166C and CYP19A1 G/A polymorphisms. Patients with the combined cardiac and renal phenotype had higher NT-proBNP, microalbuminuria, creatinine, urea, cystatin C and microalbuminuria/cystatin C ratio and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate. Intrarenal Doppler revealed lower systolic and diastolic flow velocities together with increased RI, PI and S/D, indicating impaired renal perfusion and increased intrarenal vascular resistance. The findings suggest that an integrated assessment of laboratory, hemodynamic and genetic markers may improve early identification and individualized monitoring of high-risk patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 2.
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Rakhimova et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (n=188). Combined cardiac and renal phenotype (Cardiorenal syndrome type 2) vs. Ischemic heart disease and chronic heart failure without chronic kidney disease, and healthy controls was evaluated on Renal injury assessed by laboratory biomarkers, intrarenal Doppler parameters, and genetic markers. Patients with cardiorenal syndrome type 2 exhibited higher NT-proBNP and renal biomarkers, alongside impaired renal perfusion and increased vascular resistance on intrarenal Doppler.
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