Operational Errors in Air Traffic Control Towers

It is widely recognized that runway incursions are a significant threat to aviation safety. While the importance of understanding the factors that contribute to runway incursions caused by pilot error cannot be underestimated, the factors that contribute to tower controller operational errors are also key to knowing how to prevent, and capture, runway incursions. This research examines the types and causes of controller error in the tower environment with an examination of FAA reports of operational errors and reports submitted to the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS). Controller errors fell into distinct categories involving: memory lapses, communication errors, and inadequate coordination among controllers. Discussion includes suggestions for potential remedies to these errors, changes to the method of recording operational errors, and ideas for future research.