Key result
Enriched vitamin K diet fails to significantly improve survival in bile duct-ligated rats.
Why the study?
The common bile duct-ligated rat rapidly develops secondary biliary cirrhosis and shows poor viability, but a detailed examination of the causes of death had not been made.
Does feeding a nutrient- and vitamin K-enriched diet improve survival and prevent fatal hemorrhage in common bile duct-ligated rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis compared to a standard diet?
Does feeding a nutrient- and vitamin K-enriched diet improve survival and prevent fatal hemorrhage in common bile duct-ligated rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis compared to a standard diet?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
In a rat model of secondary biliary cirrhosis via common bile duct ligation, fatal internal hemorrhage is driven by vitamin K deficiency-induced coagulopathy and can be ameliorated by a diet enriched with protein and vitamin K3.
The common bile duct-ligated (CBDL) rat, which is widely used as a model of human cirrhosis, rapidly develops secondary biliary cirrhosis (SBC) within 4 weeks. The CBDL rat shows poor viability, however, a detailed examination of the causes of its death has not been made. In this study, we investigated the outcome of bile duct ligation in detail and attempted to extend the life span of this model by feeding the animals a diet supplemented with nutrients. Survival rate, blood chemistry, blood cell counts, plasma levels of K vitamins and liver histology were compared among CBDL rats fed a standard diet and an enriched diet. Sham-operated rats were used as a control. Six out of 18 CBDL rats fed the standard diet died within 32 days of operation. The cause of death was massive internal hemorrhage in various organs or body cavities. All CBDL rats fed the enriched diet survived more than 31 days, but the viability of CBDL rats was not significant between those fed the standard diet and the enriched diet. The degree of anemia correlated significantly with the prolongation of prothrombin time. Plasma vitamin K1 levels in CBDL rats were significantly lower than those in sham-operated rats, but vitamin K2 levels were similar. We suggest that massive hemorrhage, which was the direct cause of death, is caused by the impairment of hemostasis resulting from vitamin K deficiency. The enriched diet with vitamin K nutritional supplements seemed to contribute to the prolongation of the life span of CBDL rats.
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Akimoto et al. (2005) studied Secondary biliary cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation (animal model) (n=36). Enriched diet (NMF diet supplemented with vitamins K and D, protein, and other vitamins) vs. Standard diet (MF diet with Vitamin K3 0.04 mg, Vitamin D3 80 IU, Crude protein 24.6 g/100g) and sham-operated controls was evaluated on Survival (viability) at 31 days after operation (p=>0.05). Feeding an enriched vitamin K-supplemented diet resulted in 100% (6/6) survival at 31 days vs 50% (3/6) on a standard diet in bile duct-ligated rats, though not statistically significant (p>0.05).
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