Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Modification Enhances Structural and Biofunctional Properties of Potato Peel for Bioactive Fiber Valorization

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This study investigated the chemical and structural modifications of potato peel (PP) treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP, 2–4 g/100 g of H 2 O 2 ; AHP-2, AHP-3, and AHP-4). AHP reduced starch content (28.1 to 12.0 g/100 g) while increasing total dietary fiber and acid-insoluble lignin (up to 49.8 g/ 100 g and 26.5 g/100 g, respectively). Cell wall disruption and increased surface porosity were observed. Although free phenolic acids decreased, total phenolic content increased, accompanied by enhanced DPPH radical scavenging activity (SC50: 3.53 to 2.15–2.81 mg). AHP-modified samples exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and improved inhibition of Acinetobacter lwoffii . Glucose adsorption increased with glucose concentration, with AHP-2 showing the highest capacity (0.77 mmol/g at 50 mmol/L). α-Amylase inhibitory activity was retained, with AHP-3 showing slightly higher inhibition than PP. These results indicate that AHP modifies the fiber matrix while preserving functional properties, supporting the valorization of PP as a bioactive, fiber-rich ingredient.