Association of immune responses to infectious agents with the risk of atrial fibrillation: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Figures

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  Fig. 1. “Leave-one-out” analysis of the effect of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody levels on atrial fibrillation. Among them, the Y-axis refers to each SNP, black dots refer to the total effect value of remaining SNPs after removing the SNP. Red dots refer to all the total effect value of SNPs values. If the total effect value after removing the SNP is close to the total effect value of all SNPs, it means that the SNP has no significant effect value on the results. SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.

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  Fig. 2. MR analysis forest plot of the impact of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody levels on atrial fibrillation. Among them, the Y-axis represents the SNPs, and the X-axis represents the effect value. The black dot and black horizontal line represent the effect size and its fluctuation range of each SNP. The red dot and red horizontal line represent the combined effect size and its fluctuation range obtained by MR Egger and IVW. Values more than 0 indicate that the exposure factor is a risk factor, and those less than 0 indicate that the exposure factor is a protective factor. IVW, inverse variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

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  Fig. 3. MR analysis funnel plot of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody levels on atrial fibrillation. Black dots represent SNPS, and vertical bars represent IVW and MR Egger. If black spots on the sides of vertical lines are roughly symmetrically distributed, the heterogeneity of data does not exist. IVW, inverse variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.

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  Fig. 4. MR analysis scatter plot of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody levels on atrial fibrillation. Black dots represent SNPS. Reticle represents each SNP effect value range. A horizontal bar represents the fluctuating effect value range of each SNP on the exposure factors. A vertical bar represents the fluctuating effect value range of each SNP on outcomes. The colored lines represent the results of the five analysis methods, with their slopes representing the magnitude of the causal relationship. SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.