Learning from adversity: A typology of learners from avalanche accidents

Avalanches pose a serious threat to anyone engaging in mountain travel within snow-covered terrain during winter. Each year, close to a hundred people are caught in avalanches in Norway. However, there is limited understanding of what individuals learn from such encounters and how these experiences influence their attitudes and approaches to backcountry travel and risk. To address this gap, we conducted interviews with 28 individuals who had been involved in avalanche accidents, with the aim of constructing a typology of learners. We identified five ideal-types, with considerable variation in learning outcomes. These outcomes include social learning (Cautious Companion), realizations about the importance of avalanche assessment skills (Motivated Learner), and more holistic learning (Multi-Level Learner). Some participants demonstrated minimal learning outcomes (Little-to-no-Learner), while others chose to avoid avalanche terrain entirely (Dropout). Our study provides valuable insights into typical learning outcomes following an accident, thereby providing critical knowledge to enhance avalanche education.