CTECs (t1-2) as an independent prognostic factor for both inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The metastasis-promoting function of endothelial vimentin was further validated using in vivo liver metastasis mouse models and in vitro vimentin-knockdown endothelial cell lines. Mechanistically, endothelial vimentin was essential for promoting SCLC cell proliferation, migration, liver metastasis in vivo, and invasion in vitro, which were abrogated by vimentin knockdown. Vim + CTECs serve as a key driver of tumor metastasis in SCLC. Detection of Vim + CTECs constitutes a novel paradigm for real-time risk stratification and outcome prediction.
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Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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