Examination of the Construct Validity of Alternative Measures of Field Dependence/Independence

The present study investigated the relationship between alternative measures of field dependence/independence. Two fundamental issues have centered around (a) whether field dependence/independence is a cognitive style or cognitive ability and (b) the use of multiple measures of the construct. Consistent with past research, the results tended to support a cognitive-ability interpretation but only when the Group Embedded Figures Test was the measure. Using the Portable Rod-and-Frame Test, results were more compatible with a stylistic interpretation. The implications of these findings for the operational measurement and application of the construct are discussed.