Cutaneous bacterial neglected tropical diseases: Management, outcomes, and prevention

Bacterial skin neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and with permanent sequelae, including disfigurement or functional impairment. Early intervention may improve patient outcomes, and dermatologists have an important role in expedited diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have aimed to optimize antibiotic regimens for greater accessibility and efficacy. Immunization remains limited, and many bacterial skin NTDs have no approved vaccines. Development of vaccine targets and sustained mass eradication efforts are necessary to reduce global burden. In this clinical review, we synthesize management guidelines, outcomes, and updates in preventive efforts for bacterial skin NTDs, including leprosy, Buruli ulcer, treponematoses (yaws, bejel, pinta), noma, Bartonella infections, rickettsial infections, and Group A Streptococcus .