Harnessing Wearable Devices for Emotional Intelligence: Therapeutic Applications in Digital Health

Figure 1. Graphic illustration of the EDA sensor strap and electrode placement on the non-dominant hand of the subject.

Figure 2. Flow chart of the system workflow for EDA and ECG signal analysis. The EDA analysis path is used to detect the changes in signal activity. The trigger period is then used for the ECG signal path analysis and classification of the emotional state and arousal strength. The red font indicates a flow process that was rejected and removed from further processing, unless illustrated otherwise.

Figure 3. Sample of SCL signal before and after the pre-processing stage. The black line shows the original signal, and the red lines represent the signal output after pre-processing.

Figure 4. ECG signal of baseline measurement of a subject. (a) Signal before (left) and (b) after (right) outlier removal.

Figure 5. ECG signal of emotion measurement of a subject. (a) Original signal (left) and (b) signal after applying CWT (right).

Figure 6. Sample of an SCL signal for image stimulus with predicted and ground truth (GT) trigger marks of a subject from the dataset. The blue circles represent the predicted trigger points, green dashed lines the GT, and the black solid line the SCL.

Figure 7. Evaluation results of the performed 5-fold cross-validation on the classification model for emotion and rest detection. (a) Mean precision, recall, and F1-score for each class over all 5 folds and their means, along with mean TP accuracy over both classes and folds, with the standard deviations depicted as error bars. (b) Confusion chart summed across all the 5-fold validation sets; blue regions indicate the true positive (TP) of the corresponding class.

Figure 8. Evaluation results of the 5-fold cross-validation from the classification model for arousal strength classification. (a) Mean of the precision, recall, and F1-score over the 5 folds and the mean over all the classes along with the TP accuracy. The standard deviation is depicted as error bars. (b) Confusion chart summed across all the 5-fold validation sets; blue regions indicate the true positive (TP) of the corresponding class.