Coordinate Calibration of Temperature-Field Measurement Points for ISA Furnaces Under Limited Measurement Information

This paper addresses coordinate calibration of temperature-field measurement points in industrial Isasmelt (ISA) furnaces when measurement information is limited and the actual measurement locations are uncertain. A three-dimensional furnace-wall temperature model is first established from heat conduction and Fourier’s law. Industrial process data are then used to construct a process-informed heat-flux prior that constrains the estimation of effective inner-wall heat flux. The estimated regional heat fluxes are mapped to a continuous inner-wall boundary and applied to a three-dimensional transient multilayer heat-transfer model to reconstruct the furnace-wall temperature field. A region-constrained curve-matching method is then used to estimate equivalent sensor coordinates, and Fisher-information analysis is applied to assess coordinate identifiability and reliability. Industrial-data results, controlled known-coordinate tests, and sensitivity analyses support the feasibility of the framework while also identifying the conditions under which coordinate-level interpretation remains reliable.