Fluid retention: Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were chemically modified and used as a substitute for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a nanofiller in nanofluid applications. Plasma-treated CNF–water suspensions were reasonably stable and no sedimentation was observed for 6 months (see picture). The suspensions had an enhanced thermal conductivity compared to CNT–water systems.
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Lee et al. (2007) studied this question.
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