Examining the impact of different dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies on oral health and disease progression

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Objective:: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies on oral health and the progression of oral diseases. Materials and Methods:: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 800 participants aged 18–65 years, recruited from urban and rural healthcare centers. Data were collected through questionnaires and clinical oral examinations. The participants were categorized into groups based on their dietary patterns (vegetarian, vegan, omnivorous, and high-sugar diets) and assessed for oral health indicators including caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal lesions. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and logistic regression models. Results:: The study found significant differences in oral health status among different dietary groups. Participants following a high-sugar diet had the highest incidence of dental caries ( P < 0.01), while vegetarians showed a lower prevalence of periodontal disease ( P < 0.05). Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in Vitamins D and B12, were associated with increased oral mucosal lesions ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed that dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies are significant predictors of oral disease progression (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.25–2.45). Conclusion:: Different dietary patterns and nutritional deficiencies have significant impacts on oral health and disease progression. These findings highlight the need for tailored dietary recommendations and nutritional interventions to improve oral health outcomes.