Bioactive potential and phytochemical composition of genus Capsicum peppers emphasizing the Amazonian variety Cumari do Pará: A comprehensive review

This review offers a thorough and critical synthesis of phytochemical studies on the genus Capsicum , focusing particularly on the species Capsicum chinense and emphasizing the Amazonian variety Cumari do Pará, renowned for its unique bioactive properties. By analyzing the principal available research from scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and SciELO, the review identifies the most representative secondary metabolites, such as capsaicinoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and various phenolic compounds, and describes their chemical properties, biological effects, and potential pharmacological applications. The review also examines the biosynthetic pathways involved in the formation of these molecules, highlighting the enzymatic and metabolic mechanisms responsible for their accumulation in plant tissues. This detailed understanding of the biochemical processes establishes a foundation for the biotechnological utilization of bioactive compounds from C. chinense , particularly Cumari do Pará, in human health, functional nutrition, and sustainable agriculture. This study is notable for its comprehensive and unprecedented integration of the chemical, biochemical, and functional aspects of the major secondary metabolites (SMs) within the Capsicum genus, with particular emphasis on Capsicum chinense . It elucidates their biosynthetic pathways while highlighting their significant pharmacological and biotechnological potential.