Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgeries: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant postoperative complication following lower limb orthopaedic surgeries, driven by immobilization and hypercoagulability. Despite thromboprophylaxis, the risk remains significant, particularly among high-risk patients. Limited regional data exist. This study aimed to determine the incidence of DVT and identify associated risk factors in a tertiary care setting. Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included 120 adults undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgeries. Baseline, operative, and postoperative variables were recorded. All patients received standard thromboprophylaxis and were screened for DVT using Doppler ultrasonography on postoperative day five or earlier if indicated. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among 120 patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery (mean age 57.8 years), postoperative DVT occurred in 15%, predominantly proximal (61.1%), with 27.8% asymptomatic. Univariate analysis identified age >60 years, obesity, diabetes, prolonged surgery, delayed mobilization, and prior VTE as significant risk factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed obesity (AOR 2.86) and previous VTE (AOR 4.57) as independent predictors of DVT. Conclusion: Postoperative deep vein thrombosis occurred in 15% of patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic surgery. Obesity and previous venous thromboembolism were independent predictors. Early risk stratification, optimized thromboprophylaxis, and timely mobilization are essential to reduce DVT incidence and prevent serious complications.