Key result
Obesity significantly increased the risk of non-communicable disease occurrence (OR 2.72) compared to non-obese individuals, serving as the most dominant risk factor among urban adults in Mataram City.
Why the study?
Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases have shown increasing prevalence in urban areas including Mataram City, necessitating analysis of contributing risk factors.
Do modifiable behavioral and metabolic risk factors like obesity, high-fat diet, low physical activity, and smoking increase the occurrence of non-communicable diseases in adult urban populations?
Cross-Sectional (n=412)
No
Do modifiable behavioral and metabolic risk factors like obesity, high-fat diet, low physical activity, and smoking increase the occurrence of non-communicable diseases in adult urban populations?
Odds Ratio: 2.72 (95% CI 1.68–4.4)
p-value: p=<0.05
Modifiable risk factors, particularly obesity, are highly prevalent and significantly drive the burden of non-communicable diseases in Indonesian urban communities.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases have shown an increasing prevalence in urban areas, including Mataram City. This study aims to analyze the risk factors contributing to the occurrence of NCDs among the population of Mataram City. An analytical cross-sectional design was employed with respondents aged ≥18 years selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and blood pressure as well as blood glucose examinations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the associations between risk factors (dietary patterns, physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and body mass index) and the occurrence of NCDs. The results showed that high-fat dietary patterns (OR=2.15; 95%CI:1.34–3.44), low physical activity (OR=1.87; 95%CI:1.21–2.90), smoking habits (OR=1.65; 95%CI:1.10–2.47), and obesity (OR=2.72; 95%CI:1.68–4.40) were significantly associated with NCD occurrence (p<0.05). These findings highlight the importance of community-based promotive and preventive interventions to reduce NCD risk factors in Mataram City.
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Ibrahim et al. (2025) conducted a cross-sectional in Non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases) (n=412). Obesity vs. Non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m²) was evaluated on Occurrence of non-communicable diseases (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.68-4.40, p=<0.05). Obesity significantly increased the risk of non-communicable disease occurrence (OR 2.72) compared to non-obese individuals, serving as the most dominant risk factor among urban adults in Mataram City.
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