The development of sustainable and efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation is a significant achievement. In this study, we investigated the effect of rice husk-derived carbon-rich (CR) SiO 2 loading on Bi 2 WO 6 , which showed good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) degradation. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, UV, PL, BET, XPS, EDX, Mapping, and HR-TEM analysis. The photocatalytic degradation performance was evaluated under visible light irradiation, demonstrating a degradation efficiency of 98% within 160 minutes. The degradation process was optimized under various conditions including pH, dye concentration, catalyst dosage, scavenging reactions, and cyclic stability analysis. Mathematical modeling using Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics was performed to investigate the degradation kinetics. Eco-efficiency assessment revealed an index of 55,682 mg MB (kg CO 2 -eq) -1 /g for photocatalytic degradation. The nanocomposite also exhibited antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus with eco-efficiency indices of 60.6 and 49.2 mm (kg CO 2 -eq) -1 /g, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the structural synergy between CR-SiO 2 and Bi 2 WO 6 , enabling efficient charge carrier separation and transfer. The high surface area and mesoporous structure of CR-SiO 2 facilitate charge separation and utilization, thereby enhancing organic pollutant degradation. This work highlights rice husk derivatives as a sustainable, eco-efficient, and cost-effective material for environmental remediation.
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Bhuvaneswari et al. (2026) studied this question.
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