Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases of Livestock and Poultry: An Overview

Indian livestock sector contributes 4.11% to the national GDP and 25.6% to the total agricultural GDP. Emerging and reemerging diseases pose a threat to the Indian livestock sector, with 75% of emerging animal diseases being zoonotic and having a direct impact on human health. The recent LSD outbreak has had a severe social and economic impact. During disease outbreaks in non-endemic areas, disinfection of establishments, equipment, and vehicles, in conjunction with a temporary ban or control of animal movement, is needed to prevent the spread of the pathogen. Implementation of suitable biosecurity measures is important to prevent the spread of the pathogen. Vaccination is highly effective in the prevention and control of several diseases. Nevertheless, vaccination campaigns alone typically do not achieve the intended effects unless they are part of a comprehensive control plan that utilizes a variety of methods to manage emerging and re-emerging diseases.