"I am trying to understand the identity, potentialities, struggles, and dilemmas of OD by exploring a set of values and philosophies which underlie it and have contributed to its development. The interplay of three values-rationalism, pragmatism, and existentialism-is described as a means toward this understanding. All three values are essential ingredients of OD; yet each lends to OD a different and sometimes contradictory identity.
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Frank Friedlander (1976) studied this question.
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