Influence of the Elemental Composition of Vineyard Soils on the Varietal and Regional Characteristics of Young Wines

To control the authenticity of wines based on geographic and varietal characteristics, relationships between the mineral composition of wine, grapes, and soil from the same growing area were identified. Grape samples of the Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay varieties, grown and selected from three vineyards in the Anapa region of the Krasnodar krai, were studied. The mineralogical composition of the soil samples was studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal analysis. The main phases were represented by calcite, quartz, feldspars, and clay minerals (illite and nontronite). The concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Rb, Si, Sr, Ti, and Zn in soils, grapes, and wines were determined by spectrometric analysis with inductively coupled plasma. The distributions of total contet and mobile forms of elements in the soil profile were found different for K, Li, Mg, Fe, Cr, and Al. The concentrations of Na, Ca, and Sr increased with the depth of soil sampling, while the concentrations of Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mn decreased. The results of elemental analysis of grape samples showed significant differences between different growing areas, although the differences between grape varieties were not as pronounced. The scatterplot of the values of canonical roots constructed based on the concentrations of elements using the discriminant analysis showed that grapes grown in different territories were localized in a certain part of the plane to form groups of homogeneous objects, that is, clusters. It was established that the nine elements Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, Pb, Rb, and Sr can be used as predictors in the identification model of grapes.