Effect of Statin on Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Non-traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Analysis Based on MIMIC Database

BACKGROUND: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (NSAH) is a type of hemorrhagic stroke with high mortality and low recovery rates. Although statins are commonly used in cardiovascular diseases, their impact on subarachnoid hemorrhage prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between statin use and short-term and long-term all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with NSAH. METHODS: Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were used to categorize critically ill patients with NSAH into statin and nonstatin groups. A Cox proportional hazards model assessed the association between statin use and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the consistency of statin effects on mortality. RESULTS: The study included 750 patients, with 43% male. One-month mortality was 21%, and intensive care unit mortality was 17%. Cox regression analysis showed that statin use was independently associated with reduced intensive care unit mortality (hazard ratio [HR = 0.52; P = 0.010), 1-month mortality (HR = 0.49; P < 0.001), 3-month mortality (HR = 0.62; P = 0.012), and 1-year mortality (HR = 0.70; P = 0.040). Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions. Simvastatin and atorvastatin both significantly reduced 1-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Statin use may improve mortality outcomes in critically ill patients with NSAH, suggesting their potential benefit in this population.