What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Systematic Review. Population: Coronary Heart Disease. Intervention: Hypertension vs. Normotensive. Primary outcome: Incidence of coronary heart disease (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.45-2.18).

What does this research mean for the field?

Hypertension is an independent risk factor that significantly increases the incidence of coronary heart disease in adults. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the association between hypertension and the incidence of coronary heart disease among adults using recent observational evidence.

October 8, 2026Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Joecy)Open Access

Hubungan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner (Pjk) : Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Hypertension was consistently associated with an increased risk of incident coronary heart disease in adults, with a prospective cohort study demonstrating an adjusted HR of 1.78 compared to normotensive individuals.

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Key result

Hypertension is linked to ~78% higher risk of incident CHD vs. normotension.

HR 1.78
95% CI 1.45-2.18

Why the study?

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama yang dapat dimodifikasi untuk penyakit jantung koroner, namun hubungan terkini perlu dievaluasi secara sistematis.

Does hypertension increase the risk of coronary heart disease in adults?

Key Points

To evaluate the association between hypertension and the incidence of coronary heart disease among adults using recent observational evidence.
Conducted a systematic review adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines across PubMed, Google Scholar, and national journals from 2020 to 2024.
Screened 186 records evaluating observational studies (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) in adults aged 18 years and older, identifying 3 eligible studies.
A cohort study identified an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.45–2.18) for coronary heart disease among hypertensive adults.
Subsequent observational analyses demonstrated a relative risk of 1.92 (95% CI: 1.36–2.71) and an odds ratio of 2.34 (95% CI: 1.41–3.89, p < 0.001) associated with hypertension.

Study Design

Type

Systematic Review

Structured PICO

Does hypertension increase the risk of coronary heart disease in adults?

Population

A qualitative systematic review of 3 observational studies assessing the association between hypertension as a primary exposure and the incidence of coronary heart disease in adults aged 18 years and older.

Exposure

Hypertension (defined as clinical diagnosis, blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medication)

Comparator

Normotensive individuals

Outcome

Incidence or presence of coronary heart disease (including angina and myocardial infarction, confirmed clinically, by ECG, or angiography)hard clinical

Main Result

Hazard Ratio: 1.78 (95% CI 1.45–2.18)

This systematic review reinforces that hypertension is a strong, independent, modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, highlighting the critical importance of blood pressure control for cardiovascular prevention.

Limitations

Small number of included studies (only 3)
Heterogeneity of study designs (cohort and cross-sectional) precluding meta-analysis
Lack of local Indonesian data limiting generalizability
Small number of included studies (only three)
Heterogeneity of study designs (cohort and cross-sectional without meta-analysis)
Lack of local Indonesian data, limiting generalizability

Implication

Supports BP monitoring in adults; extends prior observational data but leaves causal inference and practice change open.

Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama yang dapat dimodifikasi untuk penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), berkontribusi pada beban kardiovaskular global. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan mengevaluasi hubungan hipertensi dengan kejadian PJK pada dewasa berdasarkan bukti terkini. Tinjauan sistematis kualitatif mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020, mencari di PubMed, Google Scholar, dan jurnal nasional (2020-2024) menggunakan istilah Boolean untuk studi observasional (kohort, kasus-kontrol, cross-sectional). Populasi adalah studi analitik pada dewasa ≥18 tahun; sampel akhir tiga studi dari 186 catatan (148 pasca-duplikat, 16 teks lengkap dinilai). Instrumen meliputi kerangka PICO dan kriteria inklusi/eksklusi ketat; analisis sintesis kualitatif karakteristik studi, definisi, dan ukuran efek (OR/RR/HR). Hasil menunjukkan asosiasi signifikan konsisten: HR disesuaikan=1,78 (95% CI: 1,45–2,18; Li et al., 2023), RR=1,92 (95% CI: 1,36–2,71; Rutler et al., 2021), OR=2,34 (95% CI: 1,41–3,89, p<0,001; Jiheny et al., 2022). Kesimpulannya, hipertensi secara independen meningkatkan risiko PJK, menekankan pengendalian tekanan darah untuk pencegahan.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Marcellino et al. (2026) conducted a systematic review in Coronary Heart Disease. Hypertension vs. Normotensive was evaluated on Incidence of coronary heart disease (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.45-2.18). Hypertension was consistently associated with an increased risk of incident coronary heart disease in adults, with a prospective cohort study demonstrating an adjusted HR of 1.78 compared to normotensive individuals.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ac72a1436c8cd5d094bf0d5 https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.6874

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Implication

Supports BP monitoring in adults; extends prior observational data but leaves causal inference and practice change open.

Hubungan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner (Pjk) : Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Hubungan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner (Pjk) : Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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