A Study on Prevalence of Zaghtuddum-Qavi (Hypertension) in Relation to Mizaj Dominancy Among Teachers

Background: In Unani medicine, Zaghtuddum-Qavi (Hypertension) is described as an abnormal elevation in arterial blood pressure commonly associated with dominance of Damvi Mizaj (sanguine temperament). The imbalance in humors and temperament contributes to increased blood volume and vascular tension. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Zaghtuddum-Qavi and its relationship with Mizaj dominancy among teachers, a group frequently exposed to occupational stress and sedentary lifestyle. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1000 teachers aged 25–50 years in Pune city. Blood pressure was recorded using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer, and Mizaj was assessed using a validated Unani temperament questionnaire (Ajnas-e-Ashra). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test to assess associations between hypertension and temperament. Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.8%. Among hypertensive individuals, 74.3% had Damvi Mizaj, 23.4% Balghami, and 2.3% Safravi temperament, indicating a strong positive association between Damvi Mizaj and hypertension. No significant gender difference was found, though prevalence was higher among participants without a family history of hypertension. Conclusion: The findings affirm Unani doctrine that individuals with Damvi Mizaj are more prone to hypertension. Integrating Mizaj-based assessment with modern screening can aid in early identification and prevention through lifestyle modification guided by Unani principles of health preservation (Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya).