Unveiling Kaposi Sarcoma: A Case Report on the Clinical Journey in an HIV-Infected Patient

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) and remains one of the most prevalent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining malignancies globally.Although its incidence has decreased with the widespread implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), KS continues to pose therapeutic challenges, particularly in patients with advanced or recurrent disease.We present the case of a 31-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on ART who developed recurrent KS with cutaneous and pulmonary involvement.The patient had multiple complaints of progressive bilateral thigh and groin swelling and was treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD).This case underscores the aggressive nature of AIDS-related KS in young patients despite ART and first-line chemotherapy, highlighting the critical importance of early recognition, individualized management, and adherence to treatment protocols to optimize patient outcomes.