Gis Applications for Halal Logistics Compliance Monitoring: A Critical Review of Spatial Governance Frameworks

The rapid expansion of global halal markets has intensified the need for robust logistics systems to safeguard halal integrity across increasingly complex, spatially distributed supply chains. Within this context, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as a promising digital enabler for compliance monitoring, traceability, and governance by embedding logistics operations within explicit spatial and temporal frameworks. However, despite growing scholarly interest, the application of GIS in halal logistics remains fragmented, technologically focused, and insufficiently integrated with broader halal governance and regulatory mechanisms. Existing halal logistics practices continue to rely heavily on periodic audits, document-based reporting, and siloed information systems, limiting real-time visibility and proactive risk management. The literature further reveals a lack of a coherent synthesis of how GIS capabilities, such as spatial traceability, geofencing, risk mapping, and decision-support, can be systematically aligned with halal compliance requirements across transportation, warehousing, and distribution stages. This fragmentation highlights a clear research gap at the intersection of geospatial technologies, halal standards, and supply chain governance. Accordingly, this review aims to critically synthesize and evaluate existing studies on GIS applications in halal logistics compliance and monitoring, with particular emphasis on transparency, traceability, and trust as core governance dimensions. By integrating insights from logistics management, geospatial science, and halal studies, the review consolidates dispersed conceptual discussions into a structured understanding of GIS as a spatial governance enabler rather than a standalone technical tool. The review contributes to the literature by clarifying conceptual linkages, identifying gaps in governance and implementation, and outlining future research directions for spatially enabled halal logistics systems. It concludes that GIS holds significant potential to support evidence-based, continuous, and location-aware compliance monitoring when embedded within coherent institutional and regulatory frameworks. This review is timely and important as halal supply chains undergo digital transformation, offering scholars and policymakers a consolidated foundation for advancing resilient, transparent, and trusted halal logistics governance.