Key result
Endovascular recanalization and balloon angioplasty resolves massive pediatric chylothorax in small case series.
Why the study?
Endovascular treatments for chylothorax caused by thrombosis of superior vena cava tributaries in children are poorly studied and conservative therapy is often ineffective.
Does endovascular mechanical recanalization and balloon angioplasty reduce lymph drainage in children with massive chylothorax caused by superior vena cava tributary occlusion?
Case Report (n=2)
Does endovascular mechanical recanalization and balloon angioplasty reduce lymph drainage in children with massive chylothorax caused by superior vena cava tributary occlusion?
Endovascular mechanical recanalization and balloon angioplasty offer an effective and safe, minimally invasive approach for treating massive chylothorax due to superior vena cava tributary thrombosis in children.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May support endovascular recanalization for pediatric chylothorax; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Chylothorax is a rare life-threatening complication in pediatric surgery. One of the causes is thrombosis of superior vena cava tributaries at the entry of the thoracic duct. Conservative therapy for chylothorax is often ineffective, and current endovascular treatments in children are still poorly studied. Two children with massive chylothorax caused by occlusion of superior vena cava tributaries were examined. Conservative treatment and pleural drainage were ineffective. All patients underwent direct antegrade phlebography of the upper extremities and chest, followed by endovascular mechanical recanalization and balloon angioplasty of superior vena cava tributaries. One child received a peripherally implanted central venous catheter through the recanalized area. Postoperatively, pleural output was controlled. Both patients showed positive dynamics. Lymph drainage through the drains ceased on days 8 and 22 postoperatively. Endovascular techniques, combined with conservative therapy, demonstrate minimal invasiveness, efficacy, and safety in the treatment of chylothorax associated with thrombosis of superior vena cava tributaries.
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Podkamenev et al. (2026) conducted a case report in Chylothorax associated with thrombosis of superior vena cava tributaries (n=2). Endovascular mechanical recanalization and balloon angioplasty was evaluated on Cessation of lymph drainage. Endovascular mechanical recanalization and balloon angioplasty led to the cessation of lymph drainage on days 8 and 22 postoperatively in two children with massive chylothorax.
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