Cybersecurity Challenges in Low-Inertia Power-Electronics-Dominated Grids

The integration of renewable sources into the traditional grid requires a transition to a power electronics dominated grid (PEDG). One of the challenges facing a PEDG integration is the provision of voltage and frequency that can maintain system stability, through grid-forming distributed generation inverter to replace traditional synchronous generators. A significant challenge in implementing large-scale PEDGs lies in understanding the interactions between grid-forming inverters, particularly concerning system inertia. As synchronous generators are replaced with inertia-less inverters, the overall inherent inertia of the system decreases, potentially affecting grid stability. PEDGs and smart grids inherent dependence on communication networks for the successful integration and control of non-linear power electronic converters introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities that malicious actors could exploit for financial or political gain, potentially destabilizing grid operations. This article highlights the effect of a cyber-attack on the performance of virtual synchronous generator control for a PEDG and provide key insight on some of the key research gaps, proposing a roadmap for future investigations. The study emphasizes the need for robust cybersecurity measures in PEDG implementations and highlights the importance of developing resilient control strategies that can maintain grid stability even under adverse conditions. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on secure and reliable operation of future power grids dominated by power electronics.