Development of a Low-Cost High Accuracy Pulse Oximeter for Health Monitoring

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This paper focused on development and implementation of a low-cost pulse oximeter using the MAX30102 sensor, Arduino Nano, and OLED display. The device was developed to measure blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate (BPM) in real time, providing affordable health monitoring for nonclinical applications. Experimental results demonstrated that the prototype achieved an average error margin of ±1% for SpO₂ and ±1 BPM for heart rate when compared with a medical grade oximeter. Readings stabilized within 5–7 seconds after finger placement, and the system operated continuously for approximately 6 hours on a 1000mAh Liion battery. Comparative analysis across five test subjects confirmed that the prototype consistently produced values within the medically accepted ranges of 95–100% SpO₂ and 60–100 BPM. These findings validate the accuracy, reliability, and portability of the device, making it suitable for personal wellness tracking and potential deployment in resource limited settings. Despite advancements in pulse oximeter technology, the paper discussed several challenges in pulse oximeter development. The paper also recommended among others that future versions should include a more robust enclosure to reduce ambient light, interference and improve sensor stability.